Shorthand Notations in TypeScript and JavaScript

Shorthand notations provide a way to write more concise and readable code in TypeScript and JavaScript. Here are some of the most commonly used shorthand notations, along with examples and use cases.

Shorthand	Description	Example	Use case
+	Converts a string to a number	const idNumber = +id;	When converting route parameters from strings to numbers
?.	Allows safe access to nested properties and methods	const name = user?.address?.city;	When accessing properties or methods that may be null or undefined
??	Provides a default value for null or undefined variables	const name = username ?? 'Anonymous';	When specifying a default value for optional parameters
...	Expands an array or object into individual elements	const combinedArray = [...array1, ...array2];	When combining arrays or objects, or when passing multiple arguments to a function
Destructuring assignment	Extracts values from complex objects or arrays	const { name, age, address: { city } } = user;	When extracting values from complex objects or arrays